HISTORICAL MYTHS AND STATE-BUILDING IN CENTRAL ASIA: ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY AND PUBLIC PERCEPTION IN THE CONTEXT OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

The article is devoted to the role of historical myths in the processes of state-building and formation of national identity in Central Asia with an emphasis on Kazakhstan. Historical myths, as shown by examples from world history, act as an important tool for legitimizing statehood, strengthening collective memory and consolidating society. In the context of the post-Soviet space, where the borders of the republics were created artificially, and ethnocultural diversity was significant, the need to rethink the historical heritage became a key challenge for the newly independent states. In Kazakhstan, one small part of the national identity is built on the basis of myths about the Kazakh Khanate, the Great Steppe and the fight against external threats, including the Dzungar wars and the colonial policy of the Russian Empire. These narratives contribute not only to the elevation of the Kazakh cultural heritage, but also to the positioning of the country as a strategic center in Eurasia. A comparative analysis shows the difference in approaches in other countries of the region: from the Uzbek emphasis on the figure of Amir Temir to the Turkmen cult of personality. Unlike its neighbors, Kazakhstan demonstrates a more inclusive model that takes into account the multi-ethnic composition of the population.
The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach with a sociological focus, including a literature review, content analysis, and sociological concepts. The findings confirm the importance of historical myths as a tool for the formation of identity and political legitimation. The Kazakhstan model shows that an integrative approach that combines historical heritage with modern challenges contributes to social stability and interethnic harmony.
The limitations of the study are related to the use of secondary data and the need for a more indepth study of public perceptions of national narratives. The results emphasize the importance of a critical approach to historical myths and their role in the consolidation of a multi-ethnic society.